Practice Test 11

Answer key

1. 1. True — True. Canada officially adopted a policy of multiculturalism in 1971 and enshrined it in the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988, recognizing that diversity strengthens Canadian society.
2. 2. True — True. The Métis are a distinct Aboriginal people who emerged from the unions of First Nations women and European (primarily French) fur traders in the 18th and 19th centuries.
3. 3. True — True. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), nicknamed the Mounties, is Canada's federal police force established in 1873. Their red serge uniform is one of the world's most recognized symbols.
4. 4. Ottawa — Canada's Parliament buildings are located on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. They house the Senate, the House of Commons, and the Library of Parliament.
5. 5. Aboriginal peoples — Aboriginal peoples — First Nations, Métis, and Inuit — were the original inhabitants of Canada, living on the land for thousands of years before Europeans arrived.
6. 6. 1497 — John Cabot sailed from Bristol, England in 1497 and landed on the Atlantic coast of North America, establishing the basis for England's future claim to Canadian territory.
7. 7. Village or settlement — Jacques Cartier heard Aboriginal guides use the Iroquoian word 'kanata,' meaning village or settlement, to refer to the area near present-day Quebec City, and he applied it to the broader territory.
8. 8. Founding Quebec City and establishing French settlements — Champlain's founding of Quebec City in 1608 and his tireless efforts to establish alliances with Aboriginal peoples and build lasting French colonies earned him the title 'Father of New France.'
9. 9. Hudson Bay — The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was chartered by King Charles II in 1670 and established trading posts around Hudson Bay, from which it traded furs across the vast Rupert's Land territory.
10. 10. The French and Indian War — In North America, the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) is often called the French and Indian War. It ended French colonial power in North America and transferred New France to British control.
11. 11. Wolfe and Montcalm — British General James Wolfe and French General the Marquis de Montcalm both died during or shortly after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759.
12. 12. True — With the American Revolution brewing, Britain passed the Quebec Act to win the loyalty of French Canadians by protecting their language, religion, and laws, making it less likely they would join the American cause.
13. 13. Ontario (Upper Canada) — The influx of Loyalists into what is now Ontario led to the creation of Upper Canada in 1791, a separate English-speaking colony distinct from the French-speaking Lower Canada.
14. 14. Walking nearly 30 kilometres to warn British forces of an American attack — In 1813, Laura Secord overheard American officers planning a surprise attack. She walked approximately 30 kilometres through difficult terrain to warn British commander James FitzGibbon, helping lead to the American defeat at the Battle of Beaver Dams.
15. 15. True — American forces attempted to invade and annex British North America during the War of 1812, but Canadian militia, British regulars, and Aboriginal allies successfully repelled the invasions. The war reinforced a distinct Canadian identity.
16. 16. Maintain the confidence and support of the elected legislature — Responsible government means that the Cabinet (executive) must have the confidence of the elected legislature to govern. If the legislature votes no-confidence, the government must resign. This principle was won by British North American colonies in the 1840s.
17. 17. Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick — The British North America Act united the Province of Canada (split into Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick on July 1, 1867. Other provinces joined later.
18. 18. True — The Fathers of Confederation were the delegates from the British North American colonies who attended the Charlottetown, Quebec, and London conferences and worked to draft the British North America Act, creating Canada in 1867.
19. 19. 1885 — The last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia, on November 7, 1885, completing the transcontinental rail link from sea to sea.
20. 20. True — In 2006, Prime Minister Stephen Harper formally apologized in Parliament for the Chinese head tax, acknowledging it as a discriminatory and unjust policy.